ABSTRACT
Popular texts typically assert that guilds of craftsmen ``monopolized’ ’ markets
in medieval England. Norman Cantor’s Medieval Reader declares ``craft guilds’
. . . main purpose and activity was narrow regulation of industrial productivity
in order to restrain competition’’ (Cantor 1994, p. 278). Douglass North’s Structure and Change in Economic History asserts ``. . . guilds organized to protect
local artisans . . . [and their strength] in preserving local monopolies against
encroachment from outside competition was frequently reinforced by the coercive
power of kings and great lords’ ’ (North 1981, p. 134)
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